世界の国々のぞき窓 THE WINDOW TO WORLD COUNTRIES |
2006.05.05
世界の国々のぞき窓 第18号 The Window to World Countries No.18
世界の国々のぞき窓 第18号 2006,5,5(Fri.)
The Window to World Countries No.18
～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～
ﾄﾞｲﾂ---身近に感じる国
Germany---a country familiar to me
～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～･～
ﾄﾞｲﾂというと､いろいろなことが頭に浮かんでくる｡日本という国にしても私自身にしてもﾄﾞｲﾂに縁が深そうだ｡
まず､ﾄﾞｲﾂ語についてだが､医者はｶﾙﾃ（これもﾄﾞｲﾂ語）にﾄﾞｲﾂ語で書いていた｡明治以降医学は主にﾄﾞｲﾂから学んだことが原因であろう｡
大学では､第２外国語としてﾄﾞｲﾂ語を履修させるところが多かった｡英米と並んでﾄﾞｲﾂからさまざまな文物や制度を輸入したからであろう｡
そういうわけだろうか､歴史上のﾄﾞｲﾂの有名人は日本人によく知られている｡
音楽ではﾍﾞｰﾄｰﾍﾞﾝ､ﾍﾝﾃﾞﾙ､ﾌﾞﾗｰﾑｽ､ﾊﾞｯﾊ､ﾘｽﾄ､ｼｭｰﾏﾝ､ﾒﾝﾃﾞﾙｽｿﾞｰﾝ､ﾜｰｸﾞﾅｰ､ｼｭﾄﾗｳｽ､ｼｭｰﾍﾞﾙﾄ､ｼｭｰﾏﾝなど｡
文学ではｹﾞｰﾃ､ｼﾗｰ､ﾊｲﾈ､ﾄｰﾏｽﾏﾝ､ｸﾞﾘﾑ兄弟､ﾍﾙﾏﾝﾍｯｾ､ｼｭﾄﾙﾑ､ﾘﾙｹ､ｶﾌｶ､ﾌﾟﾚﾋﾄ､ﾐﾋｬｴﾙｴﾝﾃﾞ､ｹﾗｰなど｡
＜ﾒﾙﾍﾝ街道のｶｯｾﾙにある｢ｸﾞﾘﾑ兄弟博物館｣所蔵の｢白雪姫｣｡ｸﾞﾘﾑ兄弟はｶｯｾﾙに一番長く滞在していた｡＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/42538926f1.jpg
哲学ではｶﾝﾄ､ﾍｰｹﾞﾙ､ｼｪﾘﾝｸﾞ､ﾔｽﾊﾟｰｽ､ﾊｲﾃﾞｯｶﾞｰ､ﾗｲﾌﾟﾆｯﾂ､ﾆｰﾁｪ､ﾌｨﾋﾃ､ﾏﾙｸｽ､ﾏﾙﾁﾝﾙﾀｰ（宗教家？）など｡
この三つの分野を見てみると､ﾄﾞｲﾂ人は絵画のように目に見える具象の世界より､抽象の世界を得意にしていることが想像できる｡
最近では､来月から始まるﾄﾞｲﾂでのｻｯｶｰﾜｰﾙﾄﾞｶｯﾌﾟが全世界での話題になっている｡
また､先月日本人の注目を集めた世界卓球選手権は､童話｢ﾌﾞﾚｰﾒﾝの音楽隊｣で知られているﾌﾞﾚｰﾒﾝで行われた｡
＜写真：ﾌﾞﾚｰﾒﾝ｢音楽隊の像｣＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/915375529f1.jpg
また去年から今年にかけて日本ではﾄﾞｲﾂ年として､1200以上の行事を各地で実施している｡
私個人としては､最初に読んだ成人向けの外国小説は､ｹﾗｰの｢緑のﾊｲﾝﾘｯﾋ｣だったと思う｡ｹﾗｰはﾄﾞｲﾂ語圏のｽｲｽ人だが､ﾄﾞｲﾂ文学に入るそうだ｡
＜写真：古い岩波文庫の｢緑のﾊｲﾝﾘｯﾋ｣＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/765382049f1.jpg
音楽もﾒﾝﾃﾞﾙｽｿﾞｰﾝの｢ｳﾞｧｲｵﾘﾝ協奏曲ﾎ短調｣が一番心に響いた曲だった｡ﾍﾞｰﾄｰﾍﾞﾝの｢第九交響曲｣に夢中になったこともあった｡
20代で最初に海外文通をした相手はClaudia(ｸﾗｳﾃﾞｨｱ)というﾄﾞｲﾂの女の子だった｡ﾄﾞｲﾂ語ではなく英語で手紙のやり取りをした｡
大学の通信教育の英会話の先生がﾄﾞｲﾂ人女性だった｡数年前に亡くなったが､ずっと世話になった方で10年ほど前は､毎年ｸﾘｽﾏｽﾊﾟｰﾃｨｰに呼んでくれた｡
ﾄﾞｲﾂから取り寄せた樅ﾉ木を床の間に飾り､ろうそくの火をつけ､その前でﾄﾞｲﾂ語の賛美歌を歌った｡毎回手製のｹｰｷ､ｼｭﾄﾚﾝをご馳走になった｡
＜写真：床の間の上のﾄﾞｲﾂのｸﾘｽﾏｽﾂﾘｰ＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/945383354f1.jpg
1871年に統一国家ﾄﾞｲﾂができる前は領邦国家が群雄割拠していた｡そのためﾄﾞｲﾂの地方の特色ある文化が育ってきた｡そのため到る所に古城や宮殿がある｡
300ｋｍある古城街道には50ほどの城があるそうだ｡ﾗｲﾝ下りでも次々に城が現れて､見所の城だけでも15くらいあるようだ｡
＜写真：ﾗｲﾝ下りで見えるﾗｲﾋｪﾝｼｭﾀｲﾝ城＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/1015383955f1.jpg
ﾄﾞｲﾂは演劇が盛んであり､地方のあちこちにに立派な劇場がある｡例えば､ﾃﾞｭｯｾﾙﾄﾞﾙﾌには20以上の劇場があるそうだ｡
＜写真：超ﾓﾀﾞﾝなﾃﾞｭｯｾﾙﾄﾞﾙﾌ劇場＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/1035384650f1.jpg
17､18世紀の領邦の君主たちは殆ど例外なく宮廷に専属の劇団を置くことを重視し､その流れがいまの状況になっている｡
ﾄﾞｲﾂでは造形的なものは､観念的なものより目立たないものの､建築には個性豊かなものが多い｡地域によって異なる歴史や文化などが生み出してきたものだ｡
上述の古城や宮殿､それに教会がそうである｡ﾛﾏﾝﾁｯｸ街道の終点（最南端）ﾌｭｯｾﾝの近くにあるﾉｲｼｭｳﾞｧﾝｼｭﾀｲﾝ城（白鳥城）が有名である｡
それは城と同時に宮殿である｡
＜写真：ﾉｲｼｭｳﾞｧﾝｼｭﾀｲﾝ城＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/8053103142f1.jpg
来月から始まるﾜｰﾙﾄﾞｶｯﾌﾟの会場都市の名を北から挙げてみる｡
ﾊﾝﾌﾞﾙｸ､ﾍﾞﾙﾘﾝ､ﾊﾉｰﾌｧｰ､ｹﾞﾙｾﾞﾝｷﾙﾋｪﾝ､ﾄﾞﾙﾄﾑﾝﾄ､ﾗｲﾌﾟﾁﾋ､ｹﾙﾝ､ﾌﾗﾝｸﾌﾙﾄ､ｶｲｻﾞｰｽﾗｳﾃﾙﾝ｡
それに､古城街道､ﾛﾏﾝﾁｯｸ街道へと南下してﾆｭﾙﾝﾍﾞﾙｸ､ｼｭﾄｩｯﾄｶﾞﾙﾄ､ﾐｭﾝﾍﾝになる｡
これらの都市の状況を知らないにせよ､ほとんどの都市の名前は聞いたことがある｡地方の各都市が個性的なので､何かで見たり読んだりしたのであろう｡
ﾊﾝﾌﾞﾙｸはﾄﾞｲﾂ最大の貿易港｡647室(ﾊﾞｯｷﾝｶﾞﾑ宮殿より多い)もある市庁舎は重厚な石造りでｲﾀﾘｱとﾄﾞｲﾂの混合ﾙﾈｯｻﾝｽ様式｡塔の高さは112ｍ｡
＜写真：ﾊﾝﾌﾞﾙｸﾞ市庁舎＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/6753132832f1.jpg
ﾗｲﾌﾟﾁﾋのことでは､ﾗｲﾌﾟﾁﾋ大学でｹﾞｰﾃ､ﾆｰﾁｪ､ｳﾞｧｰｸﾞﾅｰが学んだ｡800年以上の伝統のある見本市が一年中市内各所で行われている｡
ｹﾙﾝはﾄﾞｲﾂ最大のｺﾞｼｯｸ式大聖堂がある｡高さは157ｍで奥行きは144ｍもある｡13世紀半ばから600年かけて造られた｡
＜写真：ｹﾙﾝの大聖堂＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/10653135346f1.jpg
ﾌﾗﾝｸﾌﾙﾄは中央ﾖｰﾛｯﾊﾟ最大の空港を持つ国際都市｡ﾊｲﾃﾞﾙﾍﾞﾙｸ､ﾗｲﾝ川､
各観光街道への起点として多くの観光客が訪れる｡ｹﾞｰﾃﾊｳｽがある｡
ﾐｭﾝﾍﾝは第二次大戦の末期､ﾅﾁの本拠と見なされ､2年間に66回の爆撃を受けて大損害を受けたが､ほぼ昔通りに復元している｡
上に書いていない都市で落とせないのはﾊｲﾃﾞﾙﾍﾞﾙｸであろう｡戯曲｢ｱﾙﾄ-ﾊｲﾃﾞﾙﾍﾞﾙｸ｣でその名を高めた｡古城とﾄﾞｲﾂ最古の大学とで名高い｡
＜写真：ﾊｲﾃﾞﾙﾍﾞﾙｸ城＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/11653155158f1.jpg
中世の面影を残す家並みのある町が多い｡ﾛﾏﾝﾁｯｸ街道にあるﾛｰﾃﾝﾌﾞﾙｸはそれを代表する町で観光の目玉である｡
｢中世の宝石｣と言われる人口1万人台の小さな町である｡
美しい木組みの家を残す小さい町に､ﾂｪﾚ（北部）､ｸｳﾞｪﾄﾘﾝﾌﾞﾙｸ（中部）､ｳﾞｪﾙﾆｹﾞﾛｰﾃﾞ（中部）､ﾐﾙﾃﾝﾍﾞﾙｸ（南部）､などがある｡
＜写真：上---ﾂｪﾚ､下---ﾐﾙﾃﾝﾍﾞﾙｸ＞
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/5453161235f1.jpg
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/9553163553f1.jpg
＊ご意見､ご感想､外国の紹介などを寄せてください｡
編集者 誠
mako2050@hotmail.com
http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/mako2050
'Germany' reminds me of various things. Both the country Japan and I seem to have close connections with Germany.
First of all, speaking of German language, medical doctors used to write German in medical charts.
It seems to be because Japan learned medicine from Germany chiefly.
Most universities made the students learn German as the second foreign language.
It is because many things and systems were imported from Germany side by side with Britain and America.
This may be why famous Germans in history are well- known to Japanese.
Beethoven, Hendel, Brahms, Bach, Liszt, Schuman, Mendelssohn, Wagner, Straus, Shubert, Schumann and others in music.
Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Thomas Mann, the Grimm Brothers, Hermann Hesse, Storm, Rilke, Kafka, Brecht, Michael Ende, Keller and others in literature.
<Photo: 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs' owned by 'Grim brothers Museum' in Kassel in the Fairy Tale Road.
The Grimm Brothers stayed in Kassel the longest.>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/42538926f1.jpg
Kant, Hegel, Schelling, Jaspers, Heidegger, Leibnitz, Nietzsche, Fichte, Marx, Martin Luther(religionist?) and others in philosophy.
Judging from the three fields, you can imagine Germans are better at abstract fieldd than concrete fields like paintings.
Recently World Cup Soccer, which will be held in Germany, has become a big topic all over the world.
World Table Tennis Championship, which attracted Japanese attention, was held in Bremen, which is well-known by the fairy tale 'Bremen Band.'
<Picture: the statue of Bremen Band >
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/915375529f1.jpg
Last year through this year we have had more than 1200 events all over Japan as the events of German years.
As for me the first foreign novel for adults that I have ever read was 'The Green Heinrich ' written by Keller.
He was a Swiss in the German speaking district. But this novel belongs to German literature.
<Picture: An old Iwanami Library 'The Green Heinrich ' >
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/765382049f1.jpg
Speaking of music 'Violin Concerto E minor' composed by Mendelssohn was the most impressive music I have ever heard.
I was once devoted to 'Symphony no.9' composed by Beethoven.
In my 20's I first had a foreign pen pal. The person I wrote to was a German girl named Claudia. We wrote letters in English, not in German.
My English conversation teacher in the correspondence course in a university was a German lady. She passed away a few years ago.
She helped me a lot for a long time and around ten years ago she invited me to her Christmas party every year.
She put on the Japanese alcove a decorative Christmas tree she got from Germany and lighted the candles.
We sang hymns in German in front of the tree. We were served handmade stollen every time.
<Picture: The German Christmas tree on the alcove>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/945383354f1.jpg
Many small countries defended their territories before the united country, Germany, was founded.
It helped German local culture grow characteristically.
So you can find old castles and palaces here and there.
They say there are about 50 old castles along the Castle Road 300km long.
When you descend the Rhine, old castles appear one after another. There are about 50
castles worth seeing.
<Photo: Reichenstein Castle you can see when descending>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/1015383955f1.jpg
The drama is flourishing in Germany.
There are fine theaters here and there in local areas. For example, there are more than twenty theaters in Dusseldorf.
<Photo: Super modern Dusseldorf Theater>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/1035384650f1.jpg
Almost all the lords in 17 and 18 centuries considered that it was important to put exclusive theatrical groups in the palaces.
That tendency caused the present situation.
Although formative fields do not stand out as much as ideological fields, there are many characteristic buildings.
They are produced by different histories and cultures according to local areas.
Old castles and palaces mentioned above and churches are such buildings.
Neuschwanstein Castle (Swan Castle) located near Fussen, the terminal (the southernmost) of the Romantic Road, is famous.
It is a palace as well as a. castle｡
<Photo: Neuschwanstein Castle>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/8053103142f1.jpg
I will show you from the north the names of the towns where World Cup Soccer will be held.
Hamburg, Berlin, Hanover, Gelsenkirchen, Dortmund, Leipzig, Kern, Frankfurt, Kaiserslautern.
Going down toward the Castle Road and the Romantic Road, Nuremberg, Stuttgart and Munich lie.
Although I do not know what the towns like, I have heard the names of most of the towns.
Perhaps I have seen or read the names somewhere before, because the local cities are characteristic.
Hamburg is the biggest trading port in Germany.
The city hall with 647 rooms (more than the Buckingham Palace has) is a stately building made of stone.
It is the mixture of Italian and German Renaissance architecture. The tower is 112m high.
<Photo: Hamburg City Hall>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/6753132832f1.jpg
Concerning Leipzig, Goethe, Nietzsche and Wagner studied at Leipzig University.
More than 800-year traditional trade fairs are held here and there throughout a year.
In Cologne stands the biggest Gothic Cathedral in Germany.
It is 157m high and 144m deep. It took 600 years to construct the cathedral from the middle of 18th century.
<Photo: Cologne Cathedral>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/10653135346f1.jpg
Frankfurt is the international city with the biggest airport in Middle Europe.
It is a starting point to Heidelberg, the Rhine and every sightseeing road.
Goethe House stands there.
Munich was regarded as a base of Nazi at the end of World War II. So it was bombed 66 times during two years and was seriously damaged.
Now it is restored almost as it used to be.
I cannot omit Heidelberg except the towns shown above. It became well-known owing to the drama 'Alt Heidelberg'
It is famous for an old castle and the oldest university in Germany.
<Photo: Heidelberg Castle>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/11653155158f1.jpg
There are pretty a lot of towns with the rows of houses reminding you of medieval times.
Rothenburg in the Romantic Road is the representative of this and a highlight of the tour.
It is a small town with a population of 10.000's called 'A jewel of medieval times.'
Small towns, Celle (north), Quedlinburg (middle), Wernigerode (middle), Miltenberg (south), keep beautiful houses with wooden frames.
<Photos: upper-Celle. Lower--Miltenberg>
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/5453161235f1.jpg
http://image9.photohighway.co.jp/j035/179/Photos/middle/9553163553f1.jpg
* Please write your opinions or impressions, or write introductions of other countries.
Editor: Makoto
mako2050@hotmail.com
http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/mako2050
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